A profilometer is a precision instrument used to measure the surface profile of an object. It can assess roughness, waviness, and other surface characteristics by tracing a stylus or using optical methods. This data is crucial in various industries, including manufacturing and materials science, to ensure quality and performance. There are two main types of profilometers: contact profilometers, which use a physical stylus to touch the surface, and non-contact profilometers, which utilize light or laser technology. Both types provide valuable information for engineers and designers to improve product durability and functionality.