Rosa Luxemburg was a Polish-German socialist and revolutionary born on March 5, 1871. She was a prominent figure in the German Social Democratic Party and later co-founded the Spartacus League, which aimed to promote Marxist ideas. Luxemburg was known for her critiques of capitalism and her advocacy for workers' rights, emphasizing the importance of mass action in achieving social change. Luxemburg's most notable works include "The Accumulation of Capital" and "Reform or Revolution," where she argued against reformist approaches to socialism. She was a key figure during the German Revolution of 1918-1919 and was tragically murdered on January 15, 1919, for her political beliefs.