Meloidogyne is a genus of plant-parasitic nematodes, commonly known as root-knot nematodes. These microscopic roundworms invade the roots of various plants, causing the formation of galls or "knots." This damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced crop yields, and increased susceptibility to diseases. There are several species within the Meloidogyne genus, with Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica being among the most economically significant. Control methods include crop rotation, resistant plant varieties, and chemical treatments, as these nematodes can severely impact agricultural productivity.