Root systems are the underground parts of plants that anchor them to the soil and absorb water and nutrients. They consist of various types of roots, including primary roots, which grow downward, and secondary roots, which spread out horizontally. The structure of a root system can vary widely among different plant species, influencing their growth and survival. There are two main types of root systems: taproot systems and fibrous root systems. A taproot system features a single, thick primary root that grows deep into the soil, while a fibrous root system has many thin roots that spread out near the surface. Each type has its advantages, depending on the plant's environment.