Richard I of England, also known as Richard the Lionheart, was born on September 8, 1157. He became king in 1189 and is best known for his role in the Third Crusade, where he sought to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control. Richard was a skilled military leader and earned a reputation for his bravery in battle. Despite his military successes, Richard spent much of his reign outside of England, focusing on his crusading efforts and conflicts in France. His absence led to challenges in governance back home. Richard died on April 6, 1199, from a wound sustained during a siege, leaving a legacy as a legendary warrior king.