Richard the Lionheart, also known as Richard I of England, was a king who reigned from 1189 to 1199. Born on September 8, 1157, he was the son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Richard is best known for his role in the Third Crusade, where he earned a reputation as a brave and skilled military leader. Despite his prowess in battle, Richard spent much of his reign outside of England, focusing on his campaigns in the Holy Land. He was captured during his return journey and held for ransom, which strained England's resources. Richard died on April 6, 1199, from a wound sustained in battle.