The Restoration period refers to the time in England from 1660 to 1688 when the monarchy was restored after the English Civil War and the subsequent rule of Oliver Cromwell. This era began with the return of King Charles II to the throne, marking a shift back to royal authority and traditional governance. The period is characterized by a flourishing of arts, culture, and literature, as well as the establishment of the Theatre Royal and the rise of notable playwrights like Aphra Behn and John Dryden. During the Restoration, significant political and social changes occurred, including the development of the Constitutional Monarchy. The period also saw the emergence of new scientific ideas and advancements, with figures like Isaac Newton making groundbreaking contributions. The Restoration laid the groundwork for modern British society, influencing future governance and cultural expressions.