The term "Restoration Monarchy" refers to the period in England following the end of the English Civil War and the subsequent Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. It began in 1660 when the monarchy was restored with Charles II ascending to the throne, marking the return of royal authority after years of republican rule. During the Restoration, the monarchy sought to re-establish its power and legitimacy while navigating the political and social changes that had occurred. This era is characterized by a flourishing of the arts, known as the Restoration period, and significant developments in politics, including the emergence of political parties and the strengthening of Parliament's role.