The Restoration Era refers to the period in England following the end of the English Civil War and the subsequent execution of King Charles I in 1649. It began in 1660 when Charles II was restored to the throne, marking the return of the monarchy after a decade of republican rule under Oliver Cromwell. This era is characterized by a renewed interest in arts, culture, and the establishment of the Church of England. During the Restoration, there was significant political and social change, including the development of new forms of literature and drama. The period saw the rise of notable playwrights like Aphra Behn and John Dryden, who contributed to the flourishing of the theatre. Additionally, the era was marked by the emergence of political parties, laying the groundwork for modern British politics.