The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, often referred to simply as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation of seven provinces in the late 16th to the 18th centuries. It emerged from the Eighty Years' War against Spanish rule and became a major economic and maritime power in Europe. The republic was known for its innovative trade practices and cultural achievements during the Dutch Golden Age. The seven provinces included Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Friesland, Overijssel, and Groningen. Governed by a decentralized system, each province had its own government, but they united for common defense and foreign policy. The republic played a significant role in global trade and exploration, establishing colonies and trade routes worldwide.