The Renaissance Wars refer to a series of conflicts in Europe during the late 15th and early 16th centuries, primarily involving the major powers of France, Spain, Italy, and the Holy Roman Empire. These wars were driven by territorial ambitions, dynastic disputes, and the desire for political control over the rich city-states of Italy, which were key centers of trade and culture. Key conflicts included the Italian Wars, which spanned from 1494 to 1559, featuring notable battles such as the Battle of Marignano and the Siege of Florence. The wars significantly influenced the political landscape of Europe, leading to shifts in power and the rise of nation-states, while also impacting art and culture during the Renaissance period.