The Red River Rebellion occurred in 1869-1870 when the Métis people, led by Louis Riel, protested against the Canadian government's plans to annex the Red River Settlement in present-day Manitoba. The Métis sought to protect their land rights, culture, and way of life. The conflict resulted in the establishment of the Manitoba Act, which created the province of Manitoba and recognized some Métis rights. The North-West Rebellion took place in 1885, primarily involving the Métis and Indigenous peoples in the North-West Territories. Again led by Louis Riel, the rebellion aimed to address grievances over land and rights. The uprising was ultimately suppressed by Canadian forces, leading to Riel's capture and execution, which intensified discussions about Indigenous rights in Canada.