A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is a specialized operating system designed to manage hardware resources and execute tasks within strict timing constraints. Unlike general-purpose operating systems, an RTOS ensures that critical tasks are completed on time, making it essential for applications where timing is crucial, such as in embedded systems, robotics, and telecommunications. RTOSs are often used in devices like medical equipment, automotive systems, and industrial automation where delays can lead to failures or safety issues. They provide features like task prioritization, inter-task communication, and efficient resource management to meet the demands of real-time applications.