Ramesses III was the second pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, reigning from around 1186 to 1155 BCE. He is often regarded as the last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom, known for his military campaigns against the Sea Peoples and his efforts to maintain Egypt's power and stability during a time of decline. His reign is marked by significant building projects, including the construction of the magnificent Medinet Habu temple complex. Ramesses III also implemented economic reforms and was known for his extensive tomb in the Valley of the Kings, which reflects the wealth and artistry of his era.