Queen Mary I of England, also known as Mary Tudor, was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. She reigned from 1553 to 1558 and was the first woman to hold the English throne in her own right. Mary is often remembered for her efforts to restore Roman Catholicism in England after the Protestant reforms initiated by her father. During her reign, Mary earned the nickname "Bloody Mary" due to her persecution of Protestants, which led to numerous executions. Her marriage to Philip II of Spain was controversial and aimed at strengthening Catholic ties. After her death, her half-sister Elizabeth I succeeded her, leading to a more stable Protestant rule.