Queen Maria I was the first woman to rule Portugal in her own right, reigning from 1777 to 1816. Born on December 17, 1734, she was the daughter of King Joseph I and Queen Mariana Victoria. Maria I's reign was marked by her efforts to modernize the country and her support for the arts and education. Despite her initial success, Maria I faced personal challenges, including mental health issues that affected her rule. In 1792, she became increasingly unstable, leading to her son, Prince Regent John, taking over many of her duties. She passed away on January 20, 1816.