Maria II of Portugal was born on April 4, 1819, and became the Queen of Portugal in 1834 after a civil war known as the Liberal Wars. She was the daughter of King Pedro IV of Portugal and Queen Maria Leopoldina of Austria. Her reign was marked by efforts to modernize Portugal and establish a constitutional monarchy. Maria II faced numerous challenges, including political instability and opposition from conservative factions. Despite these difficulties, she worked to promote education and social reforms. She ruled until her death on November 15, 1853, leaving a legacy of progress in Portuguese governance.