Queen Isabella II of Spain was born on October 10, 1830, and became queen at the age of three after her father, King Ferdinand VII, died. Her reign lasted from 1833 to 1868, a period marked by political instability and civil wars, including the Carlist Wars, which were fought over succession disputes. Isabella II's rule faced criticism and opposition, leading to her eventual exile in 1868. She lived in France until her death on April 10, 1904. Her reign is often remembered for the challenges of modernization and the struggle between conservative and liberal factions in Spanish history.