The term "Quaternary" refers to the most recent geological period, which began about 2.6 million years ago and continues to the present day. It is characterized by significant climate changes, including the last ice age, and the development of modern ecosystems. The Quaternary is divided into two epochs: the Pleistocene, marked by glacial cycles, and the Holocene, which is the current warm period. During the Quaternary, many species, including Homo sapiens, emerged and evolved. This period saw the rise of human civilization, advancements in technology, and significant changes in flora and fauna. The Quaternary is crucial for understanding Earth's climate history and the evolution of life.