Homo sapiens is the scientific name for modern humans, a species that belongs to the family of primates known as Hominidae. They are characterized by their advanced cognitive abilities, including problem-solving, language, and abstract thinking. Homo sapiens first appeared around 300,000 years ago in Africa and have since spread across the globe, adapting to various environments. This species is distinguished by its physical features, such as a larger brain size compared to earlier human ancestors like Homo neanderthalensis and Homo erectus. Homo sapiens are also known for their use of tools, creation of art, and development of complex social structures, which have played a significant role in their survival and success.