The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. It was established by the Manchu people, who conquered the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty expanded China's territory significantly, incorporating regions like Tibet, Xinjiang, and Mongolia. During its rule, the Qing Dynasty experienced cultural flourishing and economic growth, but it also faced challenges such as internal rebellions and foreign invasions. The dynasty ended in 1912, leading to the establishment of the Republic of China, marking a significant shift in Chinese history.