The term "Qatabanian" refers to the ancient civilization that thrived in the region of modern-day Yemen, particularly in the area known as Qataban. This civilization was prominent from around the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE and is known for its contributions to trade, agriculture, and culture in the Arabian Peninsula. The Qatabanians were skilled in producing incense, which was highly valued in ancient trade networks. Qataban was one of the key kingdoms in the South Arabian region, alongside others like Saba and Hadramaut. The Qatabanians developed a unique script, known as the Musnad script, which was used for inscriptions and documentation. Their society was characterized by a complex social structure and significant architectural achievements, including impressive temples and irrigation systems.