Pulmonary crackles are abnormal lung sounds that can be heard during breathing. They are often described as short, popping, or crackling noises and are typically associated with conditions affecting the airways or lung tissue, such as pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, or heart failure. These sounds occur when air moves through fluid or mucus in the lungs, causing the small air sacs, or alveoli, to open and close. Healthcare professionals often use a stethoscope to listen for crackles during a physical examination. The presence of pulmonary crackles can help in diagnosing respiratory conditions and determining the severity of lung issues. Treatment may involve medications, therapies, or lifestyle changes to address the underlying cause.