Ptolemaic Egypt was a Hellenistic kingdom that lasted from 305 to 30 BCE, following the death of Alexander the Great. It was established by Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander's generals, who became the first ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The capital was Alexandria, a major center of culture and learning, known for its famous library. The Ptolemaic period is characterized by a blend of Greek and Egyptian cultures. The rulers adopted many aspects of Egyptian traditions while promoting Greek language and customs. This era saw advancements in science, art, and architecture, with notable figures like Eratosthenes and Archimedes contributing to its legacy.