Prince John of England, often referred to simply as Prince John, was the youngest son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Born in 1166, he became known for his contentious rule and conflicts with his brother, King Richard the Lionheart. John was made the Lord of Ireland and later became King of England in 1199 after Richard's death. His reign was marked by disputes with the nobility and heavy taxation, leading to widespread discontent. In 1215, he faced a rebellion that resulted in the signing of the Magna Carta, a pivotal document that limited royal power and laid the groundwork for modern democracy.