Prince Arthur was the eldest son of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York. Born on September 20, 1486, he was the first heir to the Tudor dynasty. Arthur was educated in the royal court and was expected to play a significant role in the future of England. He married Catherine of Aragon in 1501, but their marriage was short-lived. Arthur died on April 2, 1502, at the age of 15, likely due to illness. His untimely death led to his younger brother, Henry VIII, becoming the next heir to the throne, which significantly impacted English history.