Preservatives are substances added to food, cosmetics, and other products to prevent spoilage and extend their shelf life. They work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeasts, which can cause food to go bad. Common examples of preservatives include sodium benzoate and sorbic acid, which are often found in processed foods and beverages. In addition to food, preservatives are also used in personal care products like lotions and shampoos to keep them fresh and safe for use. While some people prefer products without preservatives, many are essential for maintaining quality and safety in our everyday items.