"Pre-Islamic" refers to the period in Arabian history before the advent of Islam in the 7th century CE. This era was characterized by a diverse range of tribal societies, each with its own customs, beliefs, and social structures. The Arabian Peninsula was primarily inhabited by nomadic tribes, who engaged in trade and pastoralism, and worshipped various deities. During this time, the city of Mecca emerged as a significant trade center, housing the Kaaba, a sacred site for various tribes. The Quraysh tribe, which controlled Mecca, played a crucial role in the region's commerce and religious practices, setting the stage for the transformative changes brought by the rise of Muhammad and Islam.