Pre-Columbian cultures refer to the diverse societies that existed in the Americas before the arrival of European explorers. These cultures, such as the Maya, Aztec, and Inca, developed complex social structures, advanced agricultural techniques, and impressive architectural achievements. These civilizations made significant contributions to art, science, and technology, leaving behind a rich legacy that continues to influence modern society. The study of these cultures helps us understand the history and development of human civilization in the Americas, showcasing their unique traditions and innovations.