Pre-Columbian architecture refers to the structures built by indigenous peoples in the Americas before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. This includes a variety of styles and techniques used by different cultures, such as the Maya, Aztec, and Inca. These civilizations created impressive buildings, including temples, pyramids, and palaces, often using locally sourced materials like stone and adobe. Many of these architectural wonders were designed for religious, political, or social purposes. For example, the Maya constructed elaborate step pyramids, while the Inca built extensive road systems and fortresses like Machu Picchu. These structures reflect the ingenuity and cultural significance of the societies that created them.