"Pre-Colonial" refers to the period before the arrival of European powers in various regions around the world. This era is characterized by the development of diverse cultures, societies, and economies. Different groups, such as the Indigenous peoples in the Americas and the Aboriginal Australians, established their own systems of governance, trade, and social organization. During the Pre-Colonial period, many societies thrived through agriculture, hunting, and gathering. They created rich traditions in art, music, and storytelling. Notable civilizations, like the Maya and Inca, built impressive cities and advanced knowledge in areas such as astronomy and mathematics, laying the foundation for future developments.