Post-Marxism is a theoretical framework that builds upon and critiques traditional Marxism. It emerged in the late 20th century, emphasizing the importance of culture, identity, and discourse in understanding social dynamics. Post-Marxists argue that class struggle is not the sole factor in societal change, advocating for a more pluralistic approach that considers various social movements and identities. Key figures in Post-Marxism include Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, who introduced concepts like "hegemony" and "radical democracy." They suggest that political identities are constructed through language and social practices, challenging the deterministic views of classical Marxist theory.