The Portuguese Estado Novo was an authoritarian regime that ruled Portugal from 1933 to 1974. Established by António de Oliveira Salazar, it emphasized nationalism, conservatism, and economic stability. The regime suppressed political dissent and promoted a corporatist state, where various social and economic groups were organized under state control. Under the Estado Novo, Portugal maintained a policy of colonialism, particularly in Africa, leading to conflicts in its overseas territories. The regime faced increasing opposition, culminating in the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which peacefully overthrew the government and restored democracy in Portugal.