Salazar refers to António de Oliveira Salazar, who was a Portuguese politician and economist. He served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968 and was the architect of the Estado Novo, an authoritarian regime that emphasized nationalism and conservatism. Salazar's government focused on economic stability and colonial expansion, particularly in Africa. Salazar's rule was marked by censorship, political repression, and limited civil liberties. His regime maintained control through a secret police force known as PIDE and suppressed opposition. Salazar's policies and leadership style left a lasting impact on Portugal, influencing its political landscape even after his resignation and subsequent death in 1970.