The Portuguese Crown refers to the monarchy that ruled Portugal from the 12th century until the establishment of the Portuguese Republic in 1910. It played a significant role in the Age of Discovery, during which Portugal became a leading maritime power, exploring and colonizing various parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. The crown was represented by various monarchs, including notable figures like King John I and Queen Maria II. The monarchy was characterized by a series of dynasties, including the Aviz and Braganza dynasties. The Portuguese Crown's influence extended beyond politics, impacting culture, religion, and trade. Its decline began in the 19th century, leading to the eventual abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.