Pope V, also known as Pope Vigilius, served as the head of the Roman Catholic Church from 537 to 555 AD. His papacy was marked by significant theological disputes, particularly regarding the nature of Christ and the Monophysite controversy, which debated whether Christ had one divine nature or two natures, divine and human. During his time, Pope V faced challenges from both the Byzantine Empire and various factions within the church. He was involved in political struggles, including the influence of the Emperor Justinian I, and his decisions often reflected the complex relationship between church and state during this period.