Polyphony is a musical texture that involves two or more independent melodies being played or sung simultaneously. This technique creates a rich and complex sound, allowing each melody to stand out while still contributing to the overall harmony. It is commonly found in various musical styles, including classical, folk, and jazz. In the context of Western classical music, polyphony became prominent during the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Composers like Johann Sebastian Bach are well-known for their use of polyphonic techniques, particularly in works such as fugues, where multiple voices interweave in intricate patterns.