Polymer grafting is a technique used to modify the properties of polymers by attaching smaller polymer chains, known as grafts, to a main polymer backbone. This process enhances the material's characteristics, such as strength, flexibility, or chemical resistance, making it suitable for various applications in industries like packaging, coatings, and biomedical devices. The grafting process can be achieved through several methods, including grafting onto, grafting from, and grafting through techniques. Each method involves different chemical reactions and conditions, allowing for precise control over the structure and properties of the resulting material. This versatility makes polymer grafting a valuable tool in materials science.