Surface modification refers to the process of altering the surface properties of a material without changing its bulk characteristics. This can enhance attributes such as adhesion, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Techniques include coating, etching, and plasma treatment, which are commonly used in industries like electronics, healthcare, and automotive. By improving surface properties, surface modification can lead to better performance and longevity of products. For example, biomedical implants often undergo surface modification to promote cell attachment and reduce rejection by the body. Similarly, automotive parts may be treated to resist wear and tear, extending their lifespan and reliability.