Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is a highly infectious viral disease caused by the poliovirus. It primarily affects children under five years old and can lead to paralysis, muscle weakness, and in severe cases, death. The virus spreads through contaminated food and water or direct contact with an infected person. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent polio. The oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) have significantly reduced the incidence of the disease worldwide. Global efforts, including the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, aim to eliminate polio completely, making it a rare disease.