Poliovirus is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects the nervous system, leading to paralysis in some cases. It is transmitted through contaminated food and water or direct contact with an infected person. There are three types of poliovirus: type 1, type 2, and type 3, with type 1 being the most common in outbreaks. Vaccination has been crucial in reducing the incidence of poliovirus worldwide. The oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are effective in preventing infection. Global efforts, including the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, aim to eliminate poliovirus completely.