Phthalate esters are a group of chemical compounds commonly used as plasticizers, which help make plastics more flexible and durable. They are often found in products like vinyl flooring, toys, and food packaging. Phthalates are derived from phthalic acid and are typically added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to enhance its properties. While phthalate esters improve the performance of many consumer goods, there are concerns about their potential health effects. Some studies suggest that exposure to certain phthalates may disrupt hormonal systems and affect reproductive health. As a result, regulatory agencies in various countries are evaluating their safety and considering restrictions on their use.