Plasticizers are substances added to materials, particularly plastics, to increase their flexibility, workability, and durability. They help reduce the brittleness of polymer products, making them easier to mold and shape. Commonly used plasticizers include phthalates and adipates, which are often found in items like flooring, cables, and toys. These additives function by embedding themselves between the polymer chains, creating more space and allowing them to move more freely. While plasticizers enhance the performance of many products, concerns have been raised about the potential health and environmental impacts of certain types, leading to ongoing research and regulation in the industry.