Perovskites are a class of materials that have a specific crystal structure, named after the mineral perovskite, which was discovered in the 19th century. They are characterized by their unique arrangement of atoms, typically consisting of a larger cation surrounded by smaller cations and anions. This structure allows perovskites to exhibit a variety of properties, including ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and superconductivity, making them valuable in various applications. In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have gained attention in the field of solar cells. These materials have shown remarkable efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity, often surpassing traditional silicon-based solar cells. Their tunable properties and relatively low production costs make them a promising option for renewable energy technologies