Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity. They work by absorbing photons from sunlight, which then excites electrons in the cell, creating an electric current. This technology is a key component of solar panels, which are widely used in residential and commercial energy systems to harness clean, renewable energy. The efficiency of solar cells has improved significantly over the years, making them a viable alternative to fossil fuels. With advancements in materials and technology, such as monocrystalline and thin-film solar cells, the potential for solar energy to power homes and businesses continues to grow, contributing to a more sustainable future.