Perovskite materials are a class of compounds that have a specific crystal structure, named after the mineral perovskite, which was discovered in the 19th century. These materials typically have the general formula ABX3, where 'A' and 'B' are cations of different sizes, and 'X' is an anion. Their unique structure allows for a variety of compositions, leading to diverse electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Recently, perovskite materials have gained attention in the field of solar cells due to their high efficiency and low production costs. They can be easily processed from solution, making them suitable for flexible and lightweight applications. Research continues to explore their potential in other areas, such as LEDs and photodetectors.