Papillomaviruses are a group of small, double-stranded DNA viruses known for causing warts and other lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. They are categorized into more than 200 types, with some strains linked to benign conditions, while others can lead to serious health issues, including certain cancers. The most well-known types are human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, which are associated with cervical cancer. Transmission of papillomaviruses typically occurs through direct skin-to-skin contact, often during sexual activity. Vaccines are available to protect against the most harmful strains of HPV, significantly reducing the risk of developing related cancers. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears, are also important for early detection and prevention.