Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is often caused by persistent infection with certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus. Regular screening through Pap smears can help detect changes in cervical cells before they develop into cancer. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or discomfort during intercourse. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Vaccines are available to protect against the most common cancer-causing types of HPV, reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer.