The Panguna mine is a large copper and gold mine located on the island of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea. It was operated by the Australian company Bougainville Copper Limited from the 1970s until the early 1990s. The mine was one of the largest in the world, significantly contributing to the local and national economy. However, the mine's operations led to environmental damage and social unrest, culminating in the Bougainville Civil War from 1988 to 1998. This conflict arose from disputes over land rights, environmental concerns, and the distribution of profits. The mine remains closed, and discussions about its future continue.