The "Pancha Siddhantika" is an ancient Indian astronomical text attributed to the scholar Aryabhata. It serves as a comprehensive guide to five key astronomical systems, or "siddhantas," that were prevalent in ancient India. The text discusses various celestial phenomena, including the movements of planets and the calculation of time, providing insights into the scientific understanding of the cosmos during that era. This work is significant for its systematic approach to astronomy and its influence on later scholars. It combines observational data with mathematical techniques, showcasing the advanced knowledge of Indian astronomy in the 5th century CE. The "Pancha Siddhantika" remains a crucial reference for understanding the development of astronomical thought in ancient India.